Three.js vs Unreal Engine: Weighing the Pros and Cons

Three.js is an open-source JavaScript library for creating 3D graphics in web browsers, utilizing WebGL and running in all browsers supporting WebGL 1.0. On the other side, Unreal Engine is a powerful game development engine built in C++, with extensive platform support, extensive editing tools, and a commercial usage royalty model.

Key Differences Between Three.js and Unreal Engine

• Three.js uses JavaScript; Unreal Engine primarily uses C++.
• Three.js is web-oriented; Unreal is used across various platforms including game consoles, desktops, mobiles.
• Three.js is open-source and operates under the MIT license; Unreal Engine adopts a royalty model for commercial usage.
• Unreal Engine offers an extensive suite of editing tools; Three.js provides a simpler, more streamlined approach.
• Three.js supports VR and AR via WebXR; Unreal Engine offers broad VR and XR support as part of its functionality.

What Is Three.js and Who’s It For?

Three.js is a cross-browser JavaScript library and API designed to create and display animated 3D computer graphics in a web browser using WebGL. Devised by original author Ricardo Cabello (Mr.doob), and enhanced by other acclaimed developers, Three.js allows GPU-accelerated 3D animations with JavaScript, obviating the need for browser plugins. The APIs high-level libraries make complex 3D animations easier to devise, making it a go-to choice for developers seeking a blend of efficiency and superior graphical display.

Pros of Three.js

• Eases creation of complex 3D animations
• No need for browser plugins
• Runs in all browsers supporting WebGL 1.0
• Supports Virtual and Augmented Reality
• MIT License

Cons of Three.js

• Require solid JavaScript knowledge
• Limitations in rendering extreme high-quality graphics

What Is Unreal Engine and Who’s It For?

Commenced as a tool for PC first-person shooters, Unreal Engine (UE) has metamorphosed into a versatile 3D computer graphics game engine employed in diverse game genres and industries including film and television. Created by Epic Games and written in C++, the engine supports a spectrum of platforms: from mobile to console, from desktop to VR platforms. The latest series, Unreal Engine 5 (UE5), was unveiled in 2022.

Pros of Unreal Engine

• Cross-platform support
• High quality, realistic visual output
• Robust marketplace for developers
• Level editor that supports real-time constructive solid geometry operations

Cons of Unreal Engine

• Charges 5% of revenues over USD 1 million
• Requires advanced knowledge in C++ for development

Three.js vs Unreal: Pricing

Three.js operates under an MIT License, completely free, whereas Unreal follows a 5% royalty model for commercial use after earning over $1 million.

Three.js

Three.js is offered completely free under an MIT License, without any attached commercial costs.

Unreal

Unreal Engine operates under a percentage-based pricing model. For commercial use that generates revenues over $1 million, Unreal charges a 5% royalty. However, royalties are waived for games published on the Epic Games Store. Additionally, Unreal Engine is available for use in educational institutions at no cost.

Code Examples for Three.js & Unreal Engine

Three.js

We’re creating a simple animated heart using Three.js. Ensure you have the latest Three.js library and JavaScript enabled.

var scene=new THREE.Scene();var camera=new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth/window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);var renderer=new THREE.WebGLRenderer();renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth,window.innerHeight);document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);var geometry=new THREE.BoxGeometry(10,10,10);var material=new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color:0xff0000 });var cube=new THREE.Mesh(geometry,material);scene.add(cube);camera.position.z=50;function animate() {requestAnimationFrame(animate);cube.rotation.x+=0.01;cube.rotation.y+=0.01;renderer.render(scene,camera);};animate();

Unreal Engine

Here, we’re building a simple pop-up message in Unreal Engine using Blueprints. Ensure you have Unreal Engine 4.23 or later.

Event BeginPlay; Do Once; Show Message; "Hello, world!"; Duration 3.0; Delay; Delay Duration 3.0; Do Once; Show Message; "Goodbye, world!"; Duration 3.0; Event Tick;

Your Virtual Reality Canvas: Three.js or Unreal?

In the impressive realms of 3D graphics and augmented/virtual reality, two powerful technologies clash for your attention – Three.js and Unreal. Which should you choose?

Web Developers and JavaScript Enthusiasts

Our first segment is web developers and JavaScript enthusiasts. For you, Three.js could be the more attractive option. It’s a JavaScript library, meaning you don’t need to break away from JS and learn a new language. It supports WebGL and WebGL 2.0, offering the ability to handle GPU-accelerated 3D animations without requiring any browser plugins. Furthermore, its MIT License grants free usage for any project. If you value an open-source approach and prefer sticking with JavaScript, Three.js is a wise choice.

Game Developers and Studios

Unreal Engine reigns supreme for game developers and studios. Its backbone, C++, is a powerhouse language, enabling robust and performance-optimized 3D experiences. UE5, the latest rendition, boasts features like Quixel integration and real-time geometry operations – all invaluable in game development. With the engine’s marketplace and Epic Games’ revenue sharing model, Unreal Engine provides a richer, fuller roadmap for game development.

Educational Institutions

The focus here shifts to the academic world. While both technologies offer benefits, Unreal Engine comes out on top with its commitment to free use for schools and universities. Unreal helps equip the future generation of developers, offering basic project templates to kickstart their game-building journey. It’s a comprehensive learning platform.

Indie Developers & Prototypers

Indie developers and prototypers who need a quick, lightweight solution may find Three.js more appealing. Bypassing the installation of heavy software applications, it allows developers to create, display, and animate 3D computer graphics directly in their web browsers. Its simplicity and directness are assets when aiming for a quick turnaround cycle.

Ultimately, both Three.js and Unreal Engine are exceptional technologies that serve slightly different purposes. Whether you’re a JavaScript savant who craves simplicity and web-based operations, or a game developer sculpting a new universe – choose the toolkit that amplifies your creativity best.